AI

insight

Everything you need to know about PISA 2025 on equity

What this report does This report assesses the state of equity, or equality of opportunity, in education in Spain and its autonomous communities, based on an original and detailed analysis of the PISA 2025 microdata. Describing and understanding educational equity in depth is highly relevant for a country’s social and economic future, for young people’s […]

Lucía Cobreros Vicente

16 September 2026

Blog post AI Education

PISA 2025: Spain falls further than its peers, the decline is global and points to a deterioration in students’ attention

Lucas Gortazar

8 September 2026

Key ideas → The decline is concentrated where the Spanish system used to be strongest, and the fall in the top quartile across the OECD is the most striking result globally. Spain loses 45 points per decade in reading compared with 27 for the OECD, and falls back above all at both ends of the […]

insight AI Education

Evidence-Based Integration and effective use of ICT and Generative AI in K-12 schools in Spain

Jimena Contreras

16 June 2026

Supported by Google ↓ Download the full report A new wave of AI-based tools is arriving on the heels of two decades of ICT in Spanish classrooms. Access, regulation, and investment are largely in place; whether this wave translates into improved learning depends on robust, evidence-based implementation. Basic evidence on what would work Lessons learned […]

brief AI

The impact of AI in the Spanish public sector

Jorge Galindo, Manuel Hidalgo Pérez, Carlos Victoria, Javier Martínez Santos

22 May 2025

In collaboration with Implement Consulting Group · With the support of Google ↓ Download the report AI offers great potential to improve the delivery of public services while addressing particularly pressing challenges in the current Spanish context, such as reducing bureaucratic burdens and improving interactions with citizens. In a context like the current one, with […]

insight AI

Summary and audio of the event “Towards an ecosystem of excellence in artificial intelligence based on trust”

Natalia Collado Van-Baumberghen

19 May 2021

Artificial intelligence is one of the great social and political challenges of our time, and at EsadeEcPol we want to contribute to the debate on how to meet this challenge. To this end, on 5 May we held a webinar to discuss the transformative potential of this technology, the risks it entails and the need […]

insight AI Health NextGenEU Spain Observatory

Towards a cultural change in data management in Spain: a reform proposal

Miguel Almunia, Pedro Rey Biel

9 October 2020

Information management during the pandemic has revealed serious weaknesses in data coordination.

insight AI Inequality

When generative AI increases inequality: experimental evidence from a university debate competition

Toni Roldán

9 September 2019

→ This research brief summarizes the results of research evaluating the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) on productivity and inequalities through a debate tournament experiment (RCT), in which students are randomly assigned ChatGPT support to prepare for a series of one-on-one debates. → Contrary to results so far in the literature that point to […]

workingpaper AI Labour market

Replace, augment, support: a nested task-level measure of generative-AI exposure for the full O*NET catalogue

Jimena Contreras

1 January 2019

This paper builds a task-level measure of potential exposure to generative AI in three nested layers. For every task, read in the context of its occupation, we first ask whether AI can replace its output at the quality of a typical worker (Re). If it cannot, we ask whether it can augment the worker enough […]