Macro & fiscal policy

Population ageing poses one of the most significant fiscal challenges Spain will face over the coming decades. This policy brief applies the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) methodology to quantify how the taxes paid and public benefits received are distributed across the life cycle in Spain in 2024. The fiscal life cycle: →   A representative individual […]

With the execution deadline of August 2026 already in sight, EsadeEcPol presents the update of its NextGenEU Tracker with data as of 12 March 2026. The report examines a programme entering its final sprint: progress is substantial, but the gap between called and awarded funds, fund concentration, and administrative bottlenecks pose critical challenges in the […]

El (evidente) canal energético El ataque coordinado de Estados Unidos e Israel contra Irán el 28 de febrero ha desencadenado la mayor perturbación del mercado petrolero en décadas. Ante la escasez actual y esperada, el Brent ha escalado en su cierre diario de 72€ a casi 100€. En paralelo, Catar (que suministra entre el 12%-14% […]

La inflación en 2025 está muy alejada de los picos inflacionarios de los años inmediatamente posteriores al covid-19, pero comparte algunas características comunes con los efectos de la inflación en los últimos años. De acuerdo con los últimos datos disponibles, el IPC general alcanzó un 2,6% hasta noviembre de 2025 y, como viene siendo habitual […]

→ Geoeconomic tensions have spurred diversification strategies such as China+1, nearshoring, and friendshoring, reshaping value chains to reduce concentration risks in China. → Although Chinese exports are rerouted through third countries (Mexico, Vietnam), recent U.S. “Liberation Day” tariffs curb these tactics, yet six in ten companies have already altered their logistics routes in 2025. → […]

→ Both the U.S. and EU have shifted toward protectionist policies and industrial subsidies (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, CHIPS Act, IRA; European Chips Act, MRR), reversing the era of tariff openness and raising regulatory uncertainty. → Discretionary tariff exemptions and the unpredictability of new trade barriers complicate business planning, raise capital costs, and disrupt […]

→ The Trump administration views the EU as a commercial and political rival, exercising transactional isolationism and tariffs that threaten a rules-based international order. → To reduce risks, the EU must deepen internal integration (banking union, capital markets union, fiscal union) and issue joint debt to finance security, defense, and infrastructure, thereby enhancing economic resilience. […]

→ Global geopolitical fragmentation has outpaced traditional macroeconomic institutions, and Europe must strengthen its economic sovereignty through reforms that reduce dependence on the U.S.-led financial system. → The ECB and European Commission should leverage the euro and its full potential (digital euro, joint debt issuance, capital markets union) to bolster financial autonomy and mitigate vulnerability […]

En este artículo publicado originalmente en el Informe Económico y Financiero que publicamos en marzo de 2025 con el apoyo del Banco Sabadell, las economistas Cristina Barceló y Laura Crespo (Banco de España) analizan a fondo cómo ha cambiado la propiedad de vivienda y el endeudamiento por esta vía en nuestro país. Con datos de […]

En un contexto marcado por la fractura del orden económico mundial —con nuevos bloques comerciales y cadenas de suministro reconfigurándose— presentamos el Informe Económico y Financiero #37 (con el apoyo de Banco Sabadell). El encuentro repasará las tendencias internacionales y nacionales más recientes y debatirá sus implicaciones para la economía española, con especial foco en […]

Since the launch of the European Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), analyzing and tracking the execution of funds allocated to Spain has been essential to evaluate not only economic absorption but also their capacity to drive significant transformations in the Spanish economy, as outlined in the Recovery, Transformation, and Resilience Plan. At EsadeEcPol, we have […]

¿Qué ha pasado con la inflación en 2024? Recogemos por tercer año consecutivo el ejercicio que ya realizamos en 2022 y 2023 para observar cuáles han sido los determinantes de la inflación, y a quién ha afectado más (o menos). En 2024, los principales componentes que han impulsado la inflación han sido el precio de […]