Ciberseguridad en infraestructuras críticas: retos y perspectivas jurídicas en Europa

Digitalization and the energy transition have placed critical infrastructures—such as nuclear power plants, photovoltaic facilities, combined-cycle power plants, and wind farms—at the center of Europe’s technological transformation. However, this progress has also led to increasing exposure to ever more sophisticated cyber threats, capable of jeopardizing security, the continuity of essential services, and ultimately the well-being of society.

In this context, the cybersecurity of critical infrastructures has become a strategic priority for operators, regulators, and the legal sector alike. Recent attacks on industrial and energy systems in Europe have highlighted the need to strengthen regulatory frameworks, enhance public–private cooperation, and equip organizations with effective tools for the prevention, detection, and response to cyber incidents.

It is therefore necessary to analyze the impact of new European directives, the legal responsibilities of operators, the challenges of risk management, and the importance of resilience and international cooperation. The aim is to provide a multidisciplinary perspective that helps anticipate risks and build a safer environment, better prepared to face the challenges of the present and the future.

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