→ Global geopolitical fragmentation has outpaced traditional macroeconomic institutions, and Europe must strengthen its economic sovereignty through reforms that reduce dependence on the U.S.-led financial system. → The ECB and European Commission should leverage the euro and its full potential (digital euro, joint debt issuance, capital markets union) to bolster financial autonomy and mitigate vulnerability […]

For more than fifteen years, every six months Esade has published the Informe Económico y Financiero (Economic and Financial Report) with the support of Banco Sabadell. The Report aims to offer a snapshot of the global and Spanish economic landscape and, in each edition, focuses on an issue of particular relevance to current economic affairs. […]

The invasion of Ukraine has been a turning point in global geopolitics. This is especially true for the European Union, which has responded to a war on European soil with consensual security and defense measures that would have been unimaginable just two months ago. Is this Hamiltonian moment in European security? What role has Germany […]