{"id":6069,"date":"2021-11-10T08:00:11","date_gmt":"2021-11-10T07:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/?post_type=publicaciones&#038;p=6069"},"modified":"2026-09-16T18:12:21","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T16:12:21","slug":"ganadores-y-perdedores-de-la-crisis-las-seis-brechas-que-abrio-la-pandemia","status":"publish","type":"publicaciones","link":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/ganadores-y-perdedores-de-la-crisis-las-seis-brechas-que-abrio-la-pandemia\/","title":{"rendered":"Winners and losers of the crisis: the six gaps opened up by the pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The worst of the pandemic is behind us and Spain is moving rapidly towards the normalisation of activity. However, the crisis has hit different regions and social groups very differently. In this Policy Brief we analyse <strong>what the picture of the inequalities caused by the pandemic looks like<\/strong>, a year and a half after the global outbreak of the virus:<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>Poor and developing countries lose out:<\/strong> their lower economic and institutional capacity to implement policies in response to the pandemic has helped widen the gap with rich countries. This gap is being widened by differences in vaccine availability: <strong>while 60% of the population in the EU is vaccinated, in Africa only 5% is. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>The gap between northern and southern Europe widens:<\/strong> before the crisis, southern and northern Europe were on divergent productivity paths. The COVID-19 crisis hit southern countries harder, with Spain, Italy and Greece being the three EU economies with the largest GDP falls in 2020. These same economies will also take the longest to return to pre-crisis levels of activity.<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>In Spain, inequality increases, but public transfers offset 80% of that increase.<\/strong> During the first months of the pandemic, income inequality before transfers increased very significantly, rising by as much as 11 points in the Gini index. However, public transfers managed to offset almost 80% of the increase in inequality. This peak in inequality after transfers has since fallen and stabilised at 1.4 Gini points above the (already high) level it had before the pandemic.<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>Inequality widens through learning loss in schools, which is more intense among vulnerable students.<\/strong> Although no data are yet available in Spain, studies in many countries show that students from low-income families have suffered much greater learning losses during lockdowns and school closures. Existing evidence shows that these learning losses are correlated with large losses in future wages and opportunities.<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>Young people and temporary workers are once again the main losers of this crisis.<\/strong> At the worst point of the crisis, almost 25% of all temporary employment in Spain was lost, while permanent employment barely changed. In 2021 the recovery in employment has been very rapid, although the number of temporary workers is still three percentage points behind permanent employment. In terms of age, job destruction has once again fallen almost exclusively on young workers, widening the protection gap with older workers as a result of labour market duality.<\/p>\n<p>\u2192 <strong>Women are also harder hit by this crisis than men, with a greater incidence of unemployment and furlough schemes (ERTEs).<\/strong> The pandemic has affected more feminised sectors than the last crisis (which was focused on construction), and this has translated into a greater loss of activity. Employment also fell more among women although, since the first quarter of this year, they have been leading the recovery in employment. In addition, during school closures and lockdowns, women spent more time caring for children than men. Finally, women are covered by ERTEs to a greater extent, pointing to a potential risk of greater job destruction in the future.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfC\u00f3mo queda la foto de las desigualdades causadas por la pandemia, un a\u00f1o y medio despu\u00e9s de la eclosi\u00f3n global del virus?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":6066,"template":"","acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Winners and losers of the crisis: the six gaps opened up by the pandemic - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00bfC\u00f3mo queda la foto de las desigualdades causadas por la pandemia, un a\u00f1o y medio despu\u00e9s de la eclosi\u00f3n global del virus?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publicaciones\/ganadores-y-perdedores-de-la-crisis-las-seis-brechas-que-abrio-la-pandemia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Winners and losers of the crisis: the six gaps opened up by the pandemic - 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