{"id":4356,"date":"2021-04-20T11:15:42","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/publicaciones\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/"},"modified":"2021-04-20T11:24:23","modified_gmt":"2021-04-20T09:24:23","slug":"politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion","status":"publish","type":"publicaciones","link":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/","title":{"rendered":"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>El gran peso que tiene el coche como medio de movilidad en grandes ciudades genera importantes externalidades negativas en t\u00e9rminos de contaminaci\u00f3n (local) y congesti\u00f3n. Nuestro an\u00e1lisis basado en una muestra de 130 grandes ciudades de 19 pa\u00edses de la Uni\u00f3n Europea y Reino Unido revela los siguientes resultados.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud<\/strong> a partir del cual se ha encontrado una asociaci\u00f3n clara entre la exposici\u00f3n prolongada y enfermedades cardiopulmonares. En Espa\u00f1a, todas las ciudades excepto Bilbao, Valladolid y Zaragoza superan dicho umbral.<\/li>\n<li>Respecto a la congesti\u00f3n en ciudades espa\u00f1olas, se estima que <strong>el tiempo extra dedicado a los desplazamientos tiene un coste de 840 millones para las empresas espa\u00f1olas<\/strong>, destacando <strong>Barcelona y Madrid<\/strong> que soportar\u00edan p\u00e9rdidas por importe de hasta <strong>175,5 y 187,5 millones de euros, respectivamente<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":4350,"template":"","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-04-20T09:24:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1920\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"812\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@esadeecpol\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/\",\"name\":\"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-04-20T09:15:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-04-20T09:24:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":812},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Publicaciones\",\"item\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/publicaciones\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol","description":"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol","og_description":"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.","og_url":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/","og_site_name":"Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol","article_modified_time":"2021-04-20T09:24:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":812,"url":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@esadeecpol","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/","url":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/","name":"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones? - Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg","datePublished":"2021-04-20T09:15:42+00:00","dateModified":"2021-04-20T09:24:23+00:00","description":"Los valores medios de contaminaci\u00f3n en la mayor\u00eda de las ciudades exceden el umbral fijado por la Organizaci\u00f3n Mundial de la Salud.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/contaminacion-informe.jpg","width":1920,"height":812},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/publications\/politicas-reducir-contaminacion-congestion\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Publicaciones","item":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/publicaciones\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Pol\u00edticas para reducir contaminaci\u00f3n y congesti\u00f3n en \u00e1reas urbanas: \u00bfpeajes urbanos o zonas de bajas emisiones?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/#website","url":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/","name":"Center for Economic Policy - EsadeEcPol","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/es\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publicaciones\/4356"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publicaciones"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publicaciones"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publicaciones\/4356\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4363,"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publicaciones\/4356\/revisions\/4363"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4350"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/webecpol.esade.edu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4356"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}